Introduction American soft power, a term coined by Joseph Nye, refers to the ability to influence others through cultural and ideological means rather than coercion. In the realm of this indirect influence, two significant figures stand out: financier George Soros and the U.S. government-funded National Endowment for Democracy…
There are now no doubts, both in historical research and in the context of the massacre commissions, as well as in the assessments and convictions of the Italian judiciary, that during the Cold War – within the so-called strategy of tension – there was a very close collaboration…
One of the major obstacles to achieving concrete multiple sovereignty (political, military, and economic) is, in our opinion, the lack of political realism, which cannot be reduced to an ideology because, on the contrary, it is intended to oppose it. For example, realism contrasts with the ethical transfigurations…
Jacques Foccart, a historic figure of the Fifth French Republic, is widely recognized as the architect of Franco-African relations in the postcolonial period. His career offers a unique insight into the political dynamics and intelligence during the Gaullist era. Born in 1913, Foccart grew up in a family…
Marco Mancini, with a long-standing career in the Italian secret services, first in Sismi and later in Dis, has been acquitted in all the judicial proceedings brought against him. Today, Mancini is in bookstores with “Le regole del gioco. Dal terrorismo alle spie russe: come il controspionaggio offensivo…
Semiconductors, also known as integrated circuits or microchips, are fundamental in the design and functioning of electronic devices, being omnipresent in many electronic products. Their importance is also crucial in strategic sectors such as defense and national security, where they are used in weaponry systems and aerospace technology.…
Modern geopolitics diverges from its traditional roots, which were tied to pure physical geography, and embraces a broader, more complex vision that includes global and even spatial interactions. In a world where globalization and interdependence among nations are undeniable, even the smallest nations must develop strategies that take…
In the analysis of the post-war period in Europe, an intricate picture emerges of divided loyalties between the nation and international alignments. In 1989, Franco De Felice coined the term “dual loyalty”, reflecting on how, during the Cold War, leading groups were embedded in a dynamic of national…
The discussion surrounding the management of state secrets and archives in contexts of political power is a complex and nuanced topic. In 1985, the former Italian Defense Minister Giovanni Spadolini highlighted how the state secret has sometimes been used to cover serious deviations in the information and security…
It’s challenging to dispute the importance of the final part of Benedetta Tobagi’s essay, published by Einaudi under the title “Secrets and Gaps.” The conclusion explores specific aspects, beginning with the difficulties faced by researchers and journalists in working with declassified documents about Italy’s dark period known as…
