In Raymond Aron’s academic analysis of Lenin’s revolutionary genius, it is essential to consider the intersection of intellectual and moral qualities. This combination is crucial not only in the warrior genius but also in the revolutionary one. Lenin exemplifies this fusion through his exceptional intelligence, coupled with the…
Introduction The military doctrines of Carl von Clausewitz and Sun Tzu offer radically different interpretations of military doctrine and war praxeology. While Clausewitz embodies the archetype of annihilation and direct confrontation, Sun Tzu emphasizes victory without fighting, favoring strategies that avoid bloodshed. 1. The Seriousness of War Both…
For a long time now, the Italian press and those specialized in geopolitics and international relations have emphasized the economic warfare waged by China, often neglecting to mention that of our allies, namely the United States. The French, including the School of Economic Warfare, Eric Denécé, Nicolas Moinet,…
In the international justice history, Latin America represents a peculiar case. Although no specific international tribunals were established to process the mass crimes committed in this region, the twenty-first century has seen numerous attempts to prosecute these crimes through other legal avenues. The 1998 arrest of Chilean General…
A historically significant strategy for carrying out extensive tactical or geopolitical operations is the delegation of risky or questionable actions to others. This approach, often implemented through deceit or persuasion, leads the executors to believe they are acting of their own volition, even though they are being manipulated.…
Le sommet intergouvernemental italo-allemand de cet après-midi à Berlin, avec la participation de la Première ministre italienne Giorgia Meloni et du chancelier allemand Olaf Scholz, est un moment clé dans les relations entre l’Allemagne et l’Italie. Ce sommet, qui inclut les ministres des Affaires étrangères, de l’Économie, de…
Introduction American soft power, a term coined by Joseph Nye, refers to the ability to influence others through cultural and ideological means rather than coercion. In the realm of this indirect influence, two significant figures stand out: financier George Soros and the U.S. government-funded National Endowment for Democracy…
One of the major obstacles to achieving concrete multiple sovereignty (political, military, and economic) is, in our opinion, the lack of political realism, which cannot be reduced to an ideology because, on the contrary, it is intended to oppose it. For example, realism contrasts with the ethical transfigurations…
Semiconductors, also known as integrated circuits or microchips, are fundamental in the design and functioning of electronic devices, being omnipresent in many electronic products. Their importance is also crucial in strategic sectors such as defense and national security, where they are used in weaponry systems and aerospace technology.…
Modern geopolitics diverges from its traditional roots, which were tied to pure physical geography, and embraces a broader, more complex vision that includes global and even spatial interactions. In a world where globalization and interdependence among nations are undeniable, even the smallest nations must develop strategies that take…
